czeskie biblioteki on-line: https://ndk.cz/
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A reconstruction of the ʀoмᴀɴ ғoʀuм, the grand plaza at the heart of ʀoмᴇ.
Photo credit: @demilked
Dan's Roman History
The Circus Maximus the same as the last post but from a better vantage point. It lay between two of Rome's Seven Hills, the Aventie and Palatine. The large structures on the right are the Imperial residences, so the elite could watch from formal gatherings, if not already sitting in the Imperial Boxes. As can be seen seating capacity has been estimated at anywhere between 175 000 - 250 000 people. That is one quarter of Rome's 1 million people at its height ca. 120 AD. Today the area is just open parkland to the public. When combined with the Colosseum's 50 000 capacity, that is an enormous 300 000 people located in two controlled areas.
The median strip in the middle of the track, the Spina, was designed to hold trainers, staff to remove debris off the track, decorative features such as the famous Egyptian Obelisk and metae which were large colums at either end which visually showed racers what lap number they were on. The holding stalls for the charioteers were at the far left of picture while the closest curved end was completely for seating. Indeed, the corner views were the preferred seating positions as the horrifically dangerous and often fatal crashes occurred at the turns as competitors jostled for inside position which invariably resulted in contact and collisions. Sources tell us that same races came down to only one or two finishers as the rest were maimed or unable to continue.
https://www.reddit.com/.../virtual_reconstruction_of.../...
8 kwietnia 1271: Po trzydziestu sześciu dniach oblężenia twierdza Hospitallerska Krak des Chevaliers padła sułtanowi Bajbarsowi z Egiptu. Pierwotnie zbudowana przez dynastię Mirdasidów w Aleppo, została okupowana przez krzyżowców pod Tancredem, księcia Galilei w 1110 roku. Hospitaller Rycerzy otrzymali zamek przez Raymonda II, hrabiego Trypolisu, w latach 1142-1444, a zarządzenie uczyniło go centrum administracji nowych posiadłości, podejmując prace na zamku, które uczyniłyby go jedną z najbardziej misternych fortyfikacji krzyżackich w Lewancie. Na szczycie na początku XIII wieku Krak des Chevaliers mieścił garnizon liczący około dwóch tysięcy, dzięki czemu Hospitallerzy mogli wydać hołd z szerokiego obszaru. Od 1250. los Szpitalnika Rycerzy pogorszył się na gorsze i zdobyciem twierdzy sięgnął dna.
https://youtu.be/nnACCqrDQQo?t=1825